The Institute for the Study of War (ISW) and the Critical ThreatsProject (CTP) at the American Enterprise Institute conducted an
intensive multi-week exercise to frame, design, and evaluate
potential courses of action that the United States could pursue to
defeat the threat from the Islamic State in Iraq and al Sham (ISIS)
and al Qaeda in Iraq and Syria. The planning group weighed the
national security interests of the United States, its partners, its
rivals, and its enemies operating in or influencing the conflicts in
Iraq and Syria.
It considered how current policies and interests are
interacting in this complex environment. It identified the minimum
endstates that would satisfy American national security requirements
as well as the likely outcomes of current policies. The group also
assessed the threat posed by al Qaeda and ISIS to the United States,
both in the immediate and long term, and tested the probable outcomes
of several potential courses of action that the United States could
pursue in Iraq and Syria.
ISW and CTP will publish the findings
of this exercise in multiple reports. This first report examines
America’s global grand strategic objectives as they relate to the
threat from ISIS and al Qaeda. It considers the nature of those enemy
groups in depth and in their global context.
The second report
will define American strategic objectives in Iraq and Syria, along
with those of Iran, Russia, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia, and will
articulate the minimum required conditions of military-political
resolutions to conflicts in Iraq and Syria. The final report will
present the planning group’s evaluation of several courses of
action.
The key findings of this first report are:
Salafi-jihadi military
organizations, particularly ISIS and al Qaeda, are the greatest
threat to the security and values of American and European citizens.
ISIS and al Qaeda pose an existential threat because they accelerate
the collapse of world order, provoke domestic and global trends that
endanger American values and way of life, and plan direct attacks
against the U.S. and its partners.
Syrian al Qaeda affiliate
Jabhat al Nusra poses one of the most significant long-term threats
of any Salafi-jihadi group. This al Qaeda affiliate has
established an expansive network of partnerships with local
oppositions groups that have grown either dependent on or fiercely
loyal to the organization. Its defeat and destruction must be one of
the highest priorities of any strategy to defend the United States
and Europe from al Qaeda attacks.
ISIS and al Qaeda are more
than terrorist groups; they are insurgencies. They use
terrorism as a tactic, but these organizations are insurgencies that
aim first to overthrow all existing governments in the Muslim world
and replace them with their own, and later, to attack the West from
a position of power to spread their ideology to all of humanity.
Separating the elements of ISIS and al Qaeda that are actively
working to attack the West from the main bodies of those groups
fighting in the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia is impossible.
All al Qaeda groups and ISIS affiliates seek to take the war into
the West to fulfill their grand strategic objective of establishing
a global caliphate, albeit according to different timelines.
Current counter-ISIS and
–al Qaeda policies do not ensure the safety of the American people
or the homeland. The primary objective of the U.S.
government remains protecting the homeland and the American people,
including safeguarding American values both in the homeland and
abroad. The activities of ISIS and al Qaeda interact with the
policies of Russia, Iran, and China to endanger the international
systems upon which American safety and freedom depend. Any strategy
to counter ISIS and al Qaeda will require coalition partners.
However, there is no natural coalition of states with common goals
that can readily work together to resolve this problem. The U.S.
must lead its partners and ensure the continuation of existing
guarantors of international security such as NATO.
- American and Western security requires the
elimination of ISIS and al Qaeda regional bases and safe-havens.
Salafi-jihadi groups independent of al Qaeda and ISIS form a base of
support from which the enemy draws strength and resilience.
ISIS and al Qaeda use the extensive safe haven and
infrastructure of locally focused Salafi-jihadi groups to help plan,